The discovery of fat-fueled neurons could open the door to new treatments for brain diseases

Researchers from the University of Queensland (Australia) and the University of Helsinki (Finland) have discovered that neurons are able to use fat as an energy source, challenging the long-held belief that they rely solely on sugar. What’s even more surprising is that when the brain’s demand for energy increases, neurons can produce their own fat by recycling components of their cells. This process depends on an important protein known as DDHD2.

A discovery that could change people’s lives

In a rare brain disorder called hereditary spastic paraplegia 54 (HSP54), the DDHD2 protein fails to work properly. When this happens, neurons lose their ability to generate the fats needed for energy and normal functioning, leading to early and gradually worsening communication problems between neurons.

Children with HSP54 often begin to show difficulties with movement and thinking at an early age. However, this new finding provides reason for optimism. In laboratory experiments, scientists treated damaged nerve cells with specific fatty acid supplements and found that within just 48 hours, the cells regained energy production and normal activity.

“This is a real game-changer,” said Dr. Mirja Junsu, who conceived the project and led the study at the Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology. “We have shown that healthy neurons rely on fat for fuel, and when this pathway fails in conditions like HSP54, it may be possible to repair the damage and reverse neuronal disease.”

New technologies fuel progress

The researchers are now preparing for the next phase of their work, which includes testing the safety and effectiveness of fatty acid-based treatments in pre-clinical models. These studies will determine whether similar approaches can eventually be used in humans, and whether the fat-based energy system may also play a role in treating other neurological diseases that currently lack effective treatments.

“We will continue the exciting collaboration with new non-invasive brain imaging techniques and thus help in faster development of potential treatment,” says Dr. Giuseppe Balestreri from the University of Helsinki. “This advance not only rewrites textbooks, but could change people’s lives.”