Prinston studying maps of 200,000 years

Now, a group of researchers of genetics and artificial intelligence specialists reveal new layers of this common history. Under the leadership of Joshua Aki, a professor at the Louis Siegel Institute in Princeton Integrative General, the team found a strong evidence of genetic exchange between early human groups, pointing to a deeper and more complex relationship than previously understood.

“This is the first time that genetic scientists have set multiple waves of modern humans,” said Liming League, a professor in the Department of Medical Genetics and Development Biology at the University of Southeast in Nanjing, who performed this work as a co -research scientist at the Akyy Laboratory in the Akyy Laboratory in the Akyy Lab.

Aki said: “We now know that for the vast majority of human history, we had a history of communication between contemporary and Anandal,” said Aki. Huminins, who are our direct ancestors, divided from the Neanderthal family tree about 600,000 years ago, and then developed our modern physical properties about 250,000 years ago.

“Since then until primitive humans have disappeared – that is, about 200,000 years ago – modern humans interact with the primitive population,” he said.

The results of their work were published in the magazine sciences.

Reflection on the stereotype of the ice age

Negative humans, which were stereotyped as slow and self -motion, are now viewed as skilled fishermen and tool makers who dealt with each other’s injuries with advanced technologies and are well adapted to flourish in cold European weather.

(Note: All of these homainine groups are human beings, but to avoid saying “primitive human beings”, “Denisovan Human” and “their ancient factors of human type”, most archaeologists and anthropologists use Neanders, Denisovance, and modern humans.)

Using genomics of 2000 living people in addition to three primitive humans and one Denisovan, Aky and his team planned the flow of genetics between the Huminin groups over a quarter of a million years.

The researchers used a genetic tool that they designed a few years ago called IBDMIX, which uses machine learning techniques to decode the genome. The former researchers relied on comparing human genres with the “reference population” of contemporary people who are believed to have the DNA of Anandal or Denisovan.

The Akyy team has proven that even those reference groups, which live thousands of miles south of the primitive human caves, have small amounts of primitive DNA, and may be carried south by Voyageers (or their grandchildren).

With IBDMIX, the Akyy team has set a first wave of contact about 200-250,000 years ago, another wave 100-120,000 years old, and the largest of about 50-60,000 years.

The model challenge outside the African

It contrasts sharply with the previous genetic data. So far, most genetic data indicate that contemporary humans have evolved in Africa 250,000 years ago, have remained over 200,000, and then Aki said: “He decided to differentiate from Africa 50,000 years ago and go to people in the rest of the world,” Aki said.

He said: “Our models show that there was no long period of stagnation, but shortly after the emergence of modern humans, we were getting out of Africa and returning to Africa as well.” “For me, this story revolves around the dispersion, that contemporary humans were wandering and facing primitive human beings and Densovan more than we previously recognized.”

This vision of humanity coincides during the movement with archaeological and pai research that indicates a cultural exchange and tools between the Humin groups.

The main insight of Li and Akyy was the search for modern human DNA in primitive human genres, rather than the opposite. Aki said: “Over the past decade, the vast majority of genetic works have focused on how to mate with primitive humans on modern human patterns and our evolutionary history – but these questions are related and interesting in the opposite issue as well.”

They realized that the offspring of these first waves of modern Neandertral maturity should have remained with primitive human beings, and therefore no record in living humans was left. Aki said: “Because we can now integrate the primitive component into our genetic studies, we see these previous dispersion in ways that we have not been able to do before.”

Rausing population and genetic delusions

The last part of the puzzle was discovering that primitive humans had a smaller number of researchers who previously believed.

Scientists often appreciate the size of the population by looking at genetic diversity. In general, more contrast in the genome indicates a larger group. But when the Akyy team applied their tool, IBDMIX, they found that a lot of clear diversity in primitive DNA has already came from the genes inherited from contemporary humans, who have much larger groups.

With this new vision, scientists reduced their appreciation of the primitive human raising residents from about 3400 individuals to about 2,400 individuals.

Combating, these results help clarify how primitive humans have disappeared from the fossil and genetic record about 30,000 years ago.

Aki said: “I do not like to say” extinction “, because I believe that primitive humans have been largely absorbed,” Aki said. His idea is that the primitive population in humans has slowly shrinked until the last survivors of modern human societies were folded.

This “assimilation model” was explained for the first time by Farid Smith, Professor of Anthropology at Illinois State University, in 1989.

“The primitive humans were swinging on the brink of extinction, and perhaps for a very long time,” he said. “If its numbers reduce 10 or 20 %, which is what our estimates are doing, this is a significant reduction in the population of already at risk.

“Modern humans were basically like the waves that were shattered on the beach, slowly, but the beach was constantly eaten far away. In the end, we were overwhelming and integrated human humans into contemporary human population.”

This research has been supported by the National Institutes of Health (Grant R01GM10068 to JMA).