How to form biology located in schizophrenia and the pole

Both cells carry a set of biological instructions (our genes). The creation of the cells, their growth and the proteins inside them are activated by Genetics. We are growing through LoadOur genetic plans tell our cells to separate into different types of cells that then grow into different organs, such as our brain. From the growth of our physical leadership center (our brain), the scaffold of how we can create ideas and see the world. But what happens when these genetic charts become responsible for causing a person’s experience of hallucinations, high mood, and delusions, such as hearing sounds or seeing things that are not present, or believing that it can run the length of England from top to bottom in less than a day?

Genetics

Schizophrenia and Two -way disorder Do not cause one gene. It is indicated as “multi -genetic” cases, which means that they are affected by many different genes. There are many small changes in a person who will increase a person’s chances of developing schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic) is a biological symbol in each cell consisting of four different types of building blocks. The arrangement of these blocks is what makes specific genes. Some of the changes in the DNA associated with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are only one block changes in the DNA. One of the largest studies on schizophrenia 287 of these changes in one blocks in the case associated with the case (1) found. Another major study of 298 bipolar disorder found one block (2). Many of these genetic changes are the same for both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. This indicates that schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have part of the same genetic effects, which means that they can cause similar changes in the brain. Other genetic studies have found that they are not just changes in DNA of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. People with these conditions can also have much more changes than DNA, which can reach 100,000 to millions of changes in the mass.

These DNA differences are found to cause changes in brain cells that either stimulate (increase) or calm (decrease) brain activity. This helps in creating paths in the brain that send messages to allow someone to explain his reality, speak and move.

The theory of leading neuroscience

theory Nerve Professor Karl Friston suggested “the hypothesis of delivery” (3). Friston describes how this hypothesis can explain what is happening on a microscopy in the brain that extends to the entire brain circles. Symptoms of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are the result of these circles unbalanced. The communication defect was originally suggested as a way to understand the symptoms of schizophrenia, but recently, research showed similar evidence of the delivery imbalance in both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The next paragraph explains its hypothesis in more detail by comparing our brains with a jungle speaking.

Your mind as a forest speaks

Imagine the brain as a giant forest with billions of trees that send chemical messages to each other to “speak” with each other by touching the branches. there Small gates placed on the tip of their branches This control whether chemical messages have been passed or not.

Friston’s hypothesis indicates that in people with schizophrenia, these gates are active differently by incorrectly amplifying signals and not suppressing unrealistic signals. Glutamate is a chemical messenger that swore a path and helps the growth of important ties between the trees, while ensuring that the forest speaks to itself in the most efficient way. DopamineAnother important chemical messenger, controls the extent of the activity of the gates in the top of the tree branches. If the gates act unusually, the forest communication system can become noisy and anarchism, causing chemical messages to produce waves of non -corresponding communication between the trees. In this metaphor, trees are groups of brain cells and gates are “receptors” that receive chemical messages.

In the brain, NMDA receptors It is located at the ends of the brain cells and In metaphor, the gates placed in the top of the branches can be considered. Friston suggests that they are pivotal in simultaneous communication in people with schizophrenia. This leads to symptoms such as hallucinations, high mood, delusions, speech and unorganized ideas, and reduces the ability of the brain to predict what is happening in its environment.

Your mind is a prediction machine

Friston’s hypotheses have evolved around the brain over the years. He has put forward new ideas on how the brain is constantly trying to predict the world around it. This means that your mind does not take the information negatively from the environmentIt is always a guessing based on the forms you adopt from the oldest and oldest information.

For example, imagine that you are walking home at night and see a cat -like shade. Based on the old information in your mind for many years of seeing the shape of cats, your mind compares what you see with the model in your mind when the cat looks like. Friston suggests that the brain does this to avoid not overcoming or what he calls “free energy” (4). The brain loves to reduce free energy, so when it reduces uncertainty from what shade is, it reduces free energy. In schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, there will be a large amount of free energy due to the mismatch of signals for communication, which makes environmental signals unreliable and made it difficult to make reliable predictions. Halosa may seem confusing or dangerous.

Does this explain completely how our facts can become distorted?

The research in genetic differences and brain patterns can only partially explain the reason for developing schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Researchers believe that these conditions can be explained by a group of genetics, immune system differences, development reasons, and environmental pressures.

Author profile: Written by Aoife Coghlan and reviewed by Professor Angelika Ronald, Professor of Psychology and Genetics. AOIFE is a student at Sari University who has great interest in developmental genetics and how biology affects the development of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.